Item	Specification	Result	Methods
Phys ical Characteristics
Appearance	Off-white powder	Conforms	Visual methods
Odor	Characteristic	Conforms	Smell
Solubility	Clear	Conforms
Particle Size	95%Through 80 mesh	Conforms	CP2015
Chemical Test
Assay(in dry product)	≥98.0%	98.9%	HPLC
Water	≤5.0%	1.12%	KF
Ash Content	≤0.1%	0.08	CP2015
Methanol	≤100ppm	2ppm	GC Method
Ethanol	≤1000ppm	350ppm	GC Method
Heavy Metals	≤10ppm		AAS
Lead(Pb)	≤1ppm		AAS
Arsenic(As)	≤1ppm		AAS
Cadmium(Cd)	≤1ppm		AAS
Mercury(Hg)	≤0.1ppm		AAS
Microbiological Tests
Total Plate Count	≤1,000cfu/g	Conforms		CP2015
Total Yeast & Mold	≤100 cfu/g	Conforms		CP2015
Escherivchia Coli	Negative	Negative		CP2015
Salmonella	Negative	Negative		CP2015

 

Studies have found that phloderma has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, promoting bone formation and other pharmacological effects, in addition to whitening, acne removal and other effects.

Phloderma can be directly absorbed by the human body, but in plants, there is very little naturally occurring phloderma. Most phloderma exists in the form of its glycosidic derivative -- phloderma. The phloderma absorbed by the human body can enter the circulation system only after the glycosidic group is removed from the gastric mucosa to produce phloderma, so as to exert its effect.

 

1. Anti-oxidation, anti-free radical effect
The antioxidant activity of flavonoids has been confirmed since the 1960s: the polyhydroxyl structure of many flavonoids can be significantly antioxidant by chelating with metal ions.
Phloderma has a strong antioxidant, antioxidant effect on oil, can remove free radicals in the skin.
Free radicals are harmful substances produced by oxidative reactions and have been linked to degenerative diseases. External use of root skin hormone can prevent sugar components into the epidermal cells, thereby inhibiting the excessive secretion of the skin gland, the treatment of acne and so on.

 

2. Whitening & Fade stain effect
Many studies have shown that the whitening mechanism of phloderin is mainly to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, and then reduce the production of melanin.
Tyrosinase, as we know, is an important catalytic enzyme in the synthesis of melanin, and phloderin has a high inhibitory activity on tyrosinase, which is better than arbutin and kojic acid.

In addition, the inclusion complex of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin and phloderin also had a good inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. It was also found that the combination of 34.9% ferulic acid, 35.1% phloderma and 30% water-soluble VE had synergistic antioxidant and whitening effect.

3. Promote transdermal absorption
Phloderin is a lipophilic compound that penetrates into the skin via intercellular lipids. One reason is that it can change the membrane dipole potential of the phospholipid bilayer, affect the interfacial organization of the phospholipid bilayer, and affect the water flow dynamics driven by water penetration.
It was also found that the absorption amount of lidocaine hydrochloride was 5.4 times of the original when phlopicin was used as a medium in the transdermal absorption experiment. In the experiments on the absorption of intestinal glucuronidation, acetaminophen and 1-naphthol, the results showed that phloperin and phloperidin could inhibit the effect of gluconuronidation, promote the absorption of acetaminophen and 1-naphthol in the small intestine so that their pharmacological activities were significantly improved.

 

4. Anti-inflammatory
We know that when the skin barrier is damaged, the permeability of irritants is increased and different cells are induced to release proinflammatory factors and chemokines, which regulate the progression of immunity and inflammation, thereby promoting the development of sensitive skin. Therefore, it is concluded that inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can inhibit or reduce the damage caused by skin tissue in the process of inflammation.
As for the anti-inflammatory experiments of phloderma, in vitro studies have shown that phloderma can inhibit the production of inflammatory factors, chemokines and differentiation factors. It can inhibit the ability of monocytes to adhere to keratinocytes and block the phosphorylation of signaling protein kinases Akt and MAPK, thus achieving anti-inflammatory effect.
Moreover, modern medicine has shown that the important factors involved in the development of acne and the factors that trigger inflammation are often not isolated.

 

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